Essay Breast Cancer - 961 Words

Breast cancer is everywhere. The pink ribbons, the â€Å"I heart boobies† bracelets, and the thousands of breast cancer walks all over the United States. These all contribute to breast cancer organizations. Over one hundred million dollars has been raised to support breast cancer. This may not seem serious by the promotions and jokes that these organizations pull support from, but don’t forget the millions of people who have breast cancer. Breast cancer affects, approximately, an eighth of all American women in their lifetime. What is cancer? Cancer is a disease where cells become abnormal and lose the ability to control division. These cells divide infinitely and begin to invade other cells (kids info bits, 1). This creates masses of cells†¦show more content†¦What are the types of breast cancer? The most common forms of breast cancer are ductal carcinoma in situ, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, infiltrating lobular carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer (National Breast Cancer Foundation). Carcinoma is the term describing a cancer that develops in the epithelial cell, lining layer, of organs (American Cancer Society). Carcinomas account for most breast cancers. All of these types of breast cancers have some similar symptoms. These symptoms are usually discreet. They can be thickened skin or lumps near the breast, a change in the shape or size of your breast, or nipple tenderness or inversion (National Cancer Institute). Any change in your breast or nipple should be checked out in case it may be the beginnings of breast cancer. Early detection is always important and could even save you from cancer. To detect cancer early you should either get regular mammograms, clinical breast exams, or examine your breast yourself (National Cancer Institute). Mammograms are the ideal tool for detecting cancer, but you should always do every examination to increase your chance of detecting cancer early. How do you treat breastShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer And Cancer Prevention2347 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Statistics indicate that breast cancer-related complications are among the top causes of death among women for over 23% of all women’s deaths in the world (Donepudi et al., 2014). The great cases of breast cancer are attributed to lack of information on and hard data on the disease, especially on early diagnosis and treatment options. In America, breast cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths, and the mortality rate is relatively high as compared to the neighboring countriesRead MoreThe For Breast Cancer Action1612 Words   |  7 Pagesintention to give some part of the profit towards breast cancer causes. Ironically, the money made from this marketing will often not significantly benefit somebody with breast cancer. The pink ribbon was originally created by the Susan G Komen foundation yet anybody can use this symbol, because there is no intellectual copyright on it. Pinkwashing is term was first coined by the organization called breast cancer action, whose m ission is to â€Å"Breast Cancer Action’s mission is to achieve health justiceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries canRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling at tention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer gr owth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1471 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer Introduction to Breast cancer Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer only surpassed by lung cancer. It involves a cancerous tumour located inside the breast but spreads if treatment is not administered. (Evert et al 2011) Breast cancer can be treated if diagnosed in its early stages but becomes progressively more difficult upon reaching more advancing malignant stages. Breast cancer can be confused with being a female only disease however both sexes suffer. AccordingRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer is a term that every individual on this planet wants to avoid hearing when they go to their yearly check up at the doctors. However, as person ages, they are prone to develop some sort of sickness and most of the time, they could develop cancer of some sort. For this research paper, I am going to go over breast cancer. Breast cancer is a well-known type of cancer with awareness events going on to support both women and men who has breast cancer. According to American Cancer Society

Biography of El Cid, Medieval Spanish Hero

El Cid (1045–July 10, 1099), whose birth name was Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar (or Bibar), is a Spanish national hero, a mercenary soldier who fought for the Spanish king Alfonso VII to liberate parts of Spain from the Almoravid dynasty and eventually captured the Muslim caliphate of Valencia and ruled his own kingdom. Fast Facts: El Cid Known For: National hero of Spain, mercenary soldier against Christian and Muslims, ruler of ValenciaBirth Name: Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar (or Bibar)Born: c. 1045 near Burgos, SpainParents: Diego Lainez and a daughter of Rodrigo AlvarezDied: July 10, 1099 in Valencia, SpainEducation: Trained in the Castilian court of Sancho IISpouse: Jimena (m. July 1074)Children: Cristina, Maria, and Diego Rodriguez Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar was born into a chaotic period in Spanish history when much of the southern two-thirds of the Iberian peninsula had been conquered by Islamic forces during the Arab conquest beginning in the 8th century CE. In 1009, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate collapsed and disintegrated into competing city-states, called taifa. The northern third of the peninsula was broken into principalities—Leà ³n, Castile, Navarre, Barcelona, Asturia, Galacia, and others—who fought each other and their Arab conquistadors.  Islamic rule in Iberia varied from place to place, as did the borders of the principalities, but the last city to be liberated by the Christian Reconquista was the Emirate of Granada in 1492.   Early Life El Cid was born Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar or Ruy Dà ­az de Vivar in the town of Vivar in the Castilian principality near Burgos, Spain in about 1045. His father was Diego Lainez, a soldier in the battle at Atapuerco in 1054, which was fought between the brothers King Ferdinand I of Leà ³n (Ferdinand the Great, ruled 1038–1065) and King Garcà ­a Sà ¡nchez III of Navarre (r. 1012–1054). Some sources report that Diego was a descendant of Lain Calvo, a legendary duumvir (magistrate) in the Court of Ordoà ±o II (King of Galacia, ruled 914–924). Although her name is not known, Diegos mother was a niece of the Castilian diplomat Nuà ±o Alvarez de Carazo (1028–1054) and his wife Doà ±a Godo; she named her son after her father, Rodrigo Alvarez. Diego Laniez died in 1058, and Rodrigo was sent to be the ward of Ferdinands son Sancho who resided at his fathers court in Castile, then part of Leà ³n. There Rodrigo likely received formal schooling in the schools which had been built by Ferdinand, learning how to read and write, as well as training in the use of arms, horsemanship, and the art of the chase. He may have been trained to arms by Pedro Ansurez, a Castilian count (1037–1119), known to have been in residence at Ferdinands court at the time. Military Career In 1065, Ferdinand died and his kingdom was divided up between his sons. The eldest, Sancho received Castile; the second, Alfonso, Leà ³n; and the region of Galicia was carved out of the northwest corner to create a separate state for Garcà ­a. The three brothers proceeded to fight one another for the entire kingdom of Ferdinand: Sancho and Alfonso together fended off Garcia and then fought each other. El Cids first military appointment was as standard-bearer and commander of troops for Sancho. Sancho emerged victoriously and reunited their fathers possessions under his control in 1072. Sancho died childless in 1072, and his brother Alfonso VI (ruled 1072–1109) inherited the kingdom. Having fought for Sancho, Rodrigo now found himself in an awkward situation with the Alfonso administration. According to some records, the breach between Rodrigo and Alfonso was healed when Rodrigo married a woman named Jimena (or Ximena), a member of a high-ranking Asturian family in the mid-1070s; some reports say she was Alfonsos niece. A 14th-century romance written about El Cid said he killed Jimenas father the Count of Gomez de Gormaz in battle, after which she went to Ferdinand to beg for redress. When Ferdinand refused to pay, she demanded Rodrigos hand in marriage which he willingly gave. El Cids main biographer, Ramà ³n Menà ©ndez Pidal, thinks that is unlikely since Ferdinand died in 1065. Whoever she was and however their marriage came about, Ximena and Rodrigo had three children: Cristina, Maria, and Diego Rodriguez, all of whom married into royalty. Diego was killed at the battle of Consuega in 1097. Despite his presence serving as a magnet for Alfonsos opponents, Dà ­az served Ferdinand loyally for several years, while Ferdinand waged war against Almoravid invaders. Then, after leading an unauthorized military raid campaign into the Muslim-controlled taifa Toledo, which was a tributary kingdom of Leon-Castile, Dà ­az was exiled. Fighting for Saragossa Upon exile, Diaz went to the Muslim taifa Saragossa (also spelled Zaragoza) in the valley of the Ebro, where he served as a mercenary captain with considerable distinction. Saragossa was an independent Arab Muslim state in Al-Andalus, which at the time (1038–1110) was ruled by the Banu Hud.  He fought for the Huddid dynasty for almost ten years, scoring significant victories against both Muslim and Christian foes. Famous battles which El Cid is known for were the defeat of Count Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona in 1082, and of King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon in 1084. When the Berber Almoravids invaded the peninsula in 1086, Alfonso recalled Diaz from exile. El Cid willingly returned and was instrumental in the defeat at Sagrajas in 1086. He stayed in favor with Alfonso for only a brief time: in 1089 he was exiled again. Rodrigo gained his nickname El Cid at some point during his military career, perhaps after his battles at Saragossa. The name El Cid is a Spanish dialect version of the Arabic word sidi, meaning lord or sir. He was also known as Rodrigo el  Campeador, the Battler. Valencia and Death After being exiled from Alfonsos court for the second time, El Cid left the capital to became an independent commander in the eastern part of the Iberian peninsula. He fought and extracted enormous amounts of tribute from the Muslim taifas, and, on June 15, 1094, he captured the city of Valencia. He successfully fought off two Almoravid armies who attempted to dislodge him in 1094 and 1097. He established himself as an independent prince in the region based at Valencia. Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar ruled Valencia until his death on July 10, 1099. The Almoravids recaptured Valencia three years later. El Cids Legends There are four documents which were written about El Cid during his lifetime or shortly thereafter. Two are Islamic, and three are Christian; none are likely to be unprejudiced. Ibn Alcama was a Moor from Valencia, who witnessed and wrote a detailed account of the loss of that province to El Cid called Eloquent Evidence of the Great Calamity. Ibn Bassam wrote a Treasury of the Excellences of the Spaniards, written in Seville in 1109. The Historia Roderici was written in Latin by a Catholic cleric sometime before 1110. The poem Carmen, written in Latin about 1090, extols the battle between Rodrigo and the Count of Barcelona; and the Poema del Cid, was written in Spanish about 1150. Later documents written long after El Cids life are even more likely to be fabulous legends rather than biographical sketches. Sources Barton, Simon. El Cid, Cluny and the Medieval Spanish Reconquista. The English Historical Review 126.520 (2011): 517–43.Barton, Simon and Richard Fletcher. The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.Fletcher, Richard A. The Quest for El Cid. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Pidal, Ramà ³n Menà ©ndez. La Espaà ±a Del Cid. Trans. Murray, John and Frank Cass. Abington, England: Routledge, 2016.

Essay on Resistance to Colonial Rule in Africa - 1041 Words

By the start of the 20th century, Colonial rule by both the French and the British in Southern Africa had rising expenditure costs. The British method of indirect rule in their colonies, created by Frederick Lugard to leave existing government as it is, had far lower costs than the French method of direct rule. Nonetheless taxation stood as the universal method of keeping all colonies cheap and straightforwardly ran. African’s disgust with a white man telling them to pay for the white man’s endeavors had taken a toll. Protest of colonial rule threatened to endanger British indirect rule. The British would take steps to prevent this from happening. Methods Africans used to protest Colonial rule during the first decades of the 20th century†¦show more content†¦Let us try to make our Christianity practical† Worger, Clark, Alpers, Africa And the West Vol 2, pg 61 (New York, Oxford 2010)The impact of religious opposition resulted in the Colonists giving the A fricans their own colony to get rid of them because a religious movement created a problem for the colonists to deal with. The radical confrontation in resistance to colonial rule stemmed from the Women’s movement in Nigeria. The Igbo culture in Nigeria who believed in a system of balanced spheres, and that when any one of the spheres would get out of line it would mean that their whole culture would be imbalanced. When the colonists started exercising their various taxes, they dubbed certain people warrant chiefs who would count all of the people. These warrant chiefs were given more power than other people which in turn threw off the Igbo culture. Also, when the women were counted in the census’s this meant to the women that there is a fixed number of women, and if a child were to be born, an elder woman would need to die (one in, one out). During WWI, the British recruited Igbo men for military duty and also in 1927 imposed a direct tax of Igbo men which put the entire Igbo society into debt, forcing women to work more to pay the debt back. Ogu Umunwaany, a leader of the women’s movement had several grievances with theShow MoreRelatedAfrican Women During European Expansion1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe anticolonial movements in Africa were ways to get back at European expansion on the area from the 1890s to the 1960s. African comebacks to colonial rule varied from place to place and over time. Several methods of both violent and nonviolent resistance to colonialism emerged. Nonviolent forms of anti-colonialism included the use of the trade unions, press, religious organizations, associations, literary or art forms, and mass migrations. Various African states used one or several of these nonviolentRead MoreEuropeans and Africans have always had some form of interaction mainly through trade, at the time800 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesestablishing trading post all over Africa, such as El Mina where they traded slaves all around the world. The Europeans became greedy and wanted not only slaves, but Africa’s natural resources. They began to battle over land, Africans did not have the weaponry to win these battles. This helped Europe to increase in land and power throughout Africa. They began to illegally divide the land, throughout Africa in the early 1800s, it was not till the Berlin conference that Africa was legally divided. This wasRead MoreThe Great Divide : How And Why The Apartheid Differ From Colonial Rule1438 Words   |  6 PagesDIFFERED FROM TYPICAL COLONIAL RULE â€Æ' It is a well-known fact that during European colonial rule, Africans were exposed to a multitude of injustices including warfare, slavery, and the occupation of their lands by European invaders. In retrospect, the ashes of traditional African societies are what built thriving European-owned African mining, agricultural and rubber economies. But nothing that Africa had previously suffered was quite like the apartheid, which South Africa was exposed to fromRead MoreEthnic Conflicts And Its Effects On Post Colonial Societies1418 Words   |  6 Pages168 colonies. By the 1960s, after years of fighting, most Western colonial territories had gained independence. The following decades showed how much the ghost of colonisation still loomed over post-colonial societies though. Around the world today, conflict is found in many areas that were once colonised or controlled by Western European powers. The cause of many of these continuing and uncontrollable conflicts lies in past colonial polic ies, especially those regarding territorial boundaries, theRead MoreThe abolition of slavery in Africa and the Middle East Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages The abolition of slavery in Africa and the Middle East can be seen from different perspectives. One of them, it is from the international pressure to abolish slavery in Africa and Middle East. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, was one of the most active institutions in looking for suppression of slavery, in India, Africa and the Middle East.2 They pushed to British government to take direct actions in abolish Indian slavery, and indirect actions on non-European regions were slavery wasRead MoreDirect And Indirect Taxation On African People1126 Words   |  5 Pageslocations surrounding manufacturing sites where males would get sexually transmitted diseases and eventually bring those illnesses back home. 3. Commando leaders and commando activities were leaders of refugee camps that weren’t in the grasps of colonial administration. They were successful because they normally fought of the rights of the native people and that resulted in increasing support. Supporters provided them with food and places to stay. The activities they participated in were recruitmentRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the19th century to the start of the 20th century, Africa was at the mercy of Europe imperialism. Politics and economics led powerful European nations to colonize the continent of Africa. What was later coined as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, led powerful nations to aggressively take over the continent and exploit its materials, people, and land. The European powers that took control of most of Africa included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The continent was dividedRead MoreWhy Most Policies Fail in Af rica906 Words   |  4 Pages WHY MOST POLICIES DON’T WORK IN AFRICA Ever since Africa became a continent, most of her problems have been policy and policy management. First, it was the colonial policy makers who introduced the Indirect Rule system (as was the case of British colonial Administration) and the assimilation policy system (as was the case of the French colonial Administration).The Colonial masters adopted these policies largelyRead MoreColonialism And Its Impact On Africa1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biggest impacts on Africa. This experience of colonialism began to take effect between the 1400s and 1800s. It started when the Europeans arrived to Africa and set up trading posts. In the late 1800s and early 1900s the increase of European power took over most of the continent. The legacy of the colonial experience will influence the history of the continent. Mid 1700s to the late 1880s the Europeans increased their involvement in Africa. The reason was the resistance against slave trade. TheRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributed

The Highs And Lows Of Manic Depressive Writing - 1507 Words

Sylvia Plath: The Highs and Lows of Manic Depressive Writing Sylvia Plath, a successful confessional style poet, struggled throughout her life with issues revolving around her father’s death, unsuccessful and unfulfilling relationships with men, and her mental illnesses. Throughout her struggles, Plath wrote, sometimes writing as much as 10 drafts a day. Despite welcoming into the world two children, whom she loved dearly, Plath still felt unfulfilled by her duties as a housewife. As she wrote more poems, it became clear she was unhappy in her life and in the grips of a serious mental illness. Sylvia Plath’s writing is deeply influenced by her experience with mental illness and the death of her father in her early life. Plath’s father’s untimely death left her with an unhealthy sort of codependency, resulting in a skewed image of relationships in general. In Plath’s poem â€Å"Daddy†, the speaker details their relationship with their father a s that between a Jewish person and a Nazi. The speakers describes the fear they experience in junction with their father. The speaker further elaborates on their father’s death when they were young, and that despite the deep resentment the speaker feels for their father, how it affected them deeply. Plath’s own father died when she was eight, and although he was a distant figure in her life due to his illness, she, too, was deeply moved by his death, relating back to the poem (Alexander, 32). What hurt Sylvia most about her father’sShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar ) Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolarRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe And Emily Dickinson1203 Words   |  5 Pageswhose poems were in some ways similar in subject matter. However, they were a world apart in writing styles, and they both shared a common thread known today as Bipolar Disorder or Manic Depression. According to the description on MedicineNet.com Bipolar disorder is â€Å"Alternating moods of abnormal highs (mania) and lows because of the swings between these opposing poles in mood and a type of depressive disease. Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they are gradual.Read MoreRelationship Between Patient And Patient Observed1361 Words   |  6 Pageswho will always believe in me and be my biggest supporter. She is my sister. Caroline was 15 years old when her therapist said her high levels of ADAH had shown sign of Bipolar disorder. To my parents this did not come to them as a shock, for Caroline had been experiencing really happy moments where she felt like she was the center of the world and then suddenly really low moments where she felt she was fading into the background. To me she was always a big sister and someone I could only dream ofRead MorePsychology : Human And Emotional Type Of Disorders1734 Words   |  7 Pagestopic that caught m y attention and helped me be more interested in the subject of psychology was wanting to know more about mentality or behavior and what exactly the brain or anything for that fact had influence in a different or psychological way. Writing this research paper I hope to look at what has peeked my interested in a different way, by looking at and understanding somewhat more into depth how exactly certain disorders can affect a person’s behavior if any or none, hopefully this will enlightenRead More`` An Unquiet Mind `` By Kay Redfield Jamison1173 Words   |  5 PagesKay Redfield Jamison is a Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, however she did not achieve this level of success easily. In Jamison’s novel, An Unquiet Mind, she writes about her life and her battle with manic-depressive illness, revealing how someone’s life is impacted by a psychological disorder. Her novel revolves around her ailment and the situations she encounter s along the way of her journey, such as attempting to commit suicide, suffering from deep depressionsRead More The Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesor indeed if there is a line at all – is the debate in question. Bipolar disorder, also called manic depression, is a complex and often cruel illness that takes sufferers on a rollercoaster ride of emotional highs and deep depressions. During the mania period, either euphoria or irritability manifest themselves, and sometimes a combination of the two, called mixed mania(3). A person in a manic phase can also exhibit symptoms known to physicians as the DIGFAST symptoms: distractibility is heightened;Read MoreAnalysis Of Bipolar Disorder In The Fall Of The House Of Usher1536 Words   |  7 Pagesbipolar disorder experience highs and lows: manic episodes and depressive episodes; both of which are written about in The Fall of the House of Usher. One of the first documented diagnosis of bipolar disorder originated from the mind of French psychiatrist, Jean-Pierre Falret. In 1851 he published an article that described â€Å"la folie circulaire†(Falret 4) meaning â€Å"circular madness†(Google Translate). The article describes the rapid shift in people from depressive and manic episodes. In addition to makingRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For The Health Of A Nation? Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesgap in mortality rates for Indigenous children under five within a decade o Ensure all Indigenous four years-olds in remote communities have access to early childhood education within five years o Halve the gap for Indigenous students in reading, writing and numeracy within a decade o Halve the gap for Indigenous students in year 12 attainment or equivalent attainment rates by 2020 o Halve the gap in employment outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians within a decade. o These targetsRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Mental Health Condition981 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder, or manic-depressive disorder, is a disorder characterized by extreme mood changes. An individual who suffers from this disorder can have extreme highs or extreme lows. They could go from being overly energetic and outgoing to feeling empty, depressed, angry and just completely worthless on a daily, weekly, monthly and or even yearly basis. Diagnosis, dramatic changes in one’s life, and even treatment can have a serious effect on an individual that is suffering from Bipolar disorderRead MoreThe Genius And Mental Illness1332 Words   |  6 Pagesclues about the mysterious link between highly creative individuals and mental disorders, most commonly manic depression. The National Institute on Mental Health estimates that manic depression, also called bipolar disorder, affects about 2 million Americans. Many scientists believe that a relationship exists between creativity and bipolar disorder, which was formerly called manic-depressive illness and is marked by dramatic shifts in a person s mood, energy, and ability to function. Numerous

Management And Organization In Environment â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management And Organization In Global Environment? Answer: Introduction The report is based on the analysis done on the expression by the management board of the construction company wanting to establish it business in Saudi Arabia. The establishment or expansion of the company in Saudi Arabia has various setbacks that can cause poor performance due to various economic reasons in the country. Economic SWOT analysis of Saudi Arabia The SWOT analysis of the Saudi Arabia economy indicates that the country is faced with enormous challenges that will affect the industrial operation and development of the organization. Some of the problems include; legal system shariah that is entirely dedicated from Islamic religion, income drop due over dependency of oil by the government and its estimated to 16.3% GDP deficit, and economy also lacks diversification in the market due to the oil income dependency (Al-Rasheed, 2010). Saudi Arabia economy is an oil and dependent, and it is estimated to control about 18% of the world oil production. The construction industry in Saudi Arabia also has numerous setbacks such inflation which impacts the company a lot of great resources while running its operations and also the poor or falling currency of the country in the international marketing will be very bad to the companys income generation. Also, the population poverty level will exhibits a lot of low market for company since very few major activities in construction and development are taking place in the country (Altowaijri, 2011). Conclusion According to the research and analysis did construction business one of the lists expected businesses in Saudi Arabia that can be able to survive. The growth rate of the nation is very slow, and also real estate business is not likely to generate any income due to the poverty level of the population and lack of diversification in development activities (Bremmer, 2009). Appendix https://tradingeconomics.com/saudi-arabia/gdp-from-construction The income generation to the construction to the government through the construction industry has gone bad and that the also means the income to the industry has also been affected or become worse according to the GDP statistics on construction industry in Saudi Arabia (Niblock and Malik, 2007). References Al-Rasheed, M., (2010). A history of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. Altowaijri, H.A., (2011). Determinants of inflation in Saudi Arabia. World Review of Business Research, 1(4), pp.109-114. Bremmer, I.,(2009). State Capitalism Comes of Age: The End of the Free Market?. Foreign Affairs, pp.40-55. Niblock, T. and Malik, M., (2007). The political economy of Saudi Arabia. Routledge.

Scientific Management Principles Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Scientific Management Principles. Answer: Changes to the Factory System by implementation of the Scientific Management Principles The metaphors that are used by Morgan perceive organisations as a technical instrument, that is used to achieve some specific outcome. Both the humans and equipment of an organisation work together in mechanical efficiency to attain a goal (Morgan 1980). Morgans metaphors view organisations as living beings, which need resources to stay alive, unlike other books on organisation that take its existence for granted. Just like living organisms, the key instruments of an organisation have to survive based on different resources. Some of these metaphors are applicable to the factory system in a very basic and primal manner: they exist even without any significant knowledge about their existence and they perform their tasks even if they are not assigned to them with any proper knowledge about their functions. Like a living organism, the organisation is considered to be a single entity that functions from a basic and core area, which processes the information and takes key decisions on behalf of the entire organisation (rtenblad, Trehan and Putnam 2016). On the other hand, these metaphors can also be applied after the implementation of thescientific management in order to make sure that they are used in the most efficient way possible that would be best serving for the organisation (Morgan 1980). With knowledge on the different key attributes and parts of the organisation, there would also be detailed ideas about which of these parts or entities of the organisation helps in which specific operations of the company. This would be tremendously helpful when the organisation has to focus on something specific and boost their operations in one particular field. Morgans metaphors are essential in the sense that they give valuable insight into the different factors that make up the entire operations of the organisation and also give ideas regarding which of these aspects can be used in the right manner to enhance particular organisational operations. Organisational Bureaucracy There are many debates regarding the rational bureaucratic model of the organisation. This model is built on the previously discussed machine metaphor that has been put forth by Morgan in 1997. The current model gives specific structural arrangements and administrative activities that are focused upon attainment of goals and objectives of the orgnaisation (Burrell and Morgan 2017). The suggestions that are given by this model talks about how to effectively coordinate and control manual human labour. Webers theory of rational bureaucracy is one of the biggest influences on organisational theories andmanagement practices. He identified six central elements in bureaucracy, which are: a clearly defined idea about the division of labour and authority, a sense of a prevailing hierarchy within the organisation, well defined and written guidelines which lay down the criteria for performances, recruitment criteria, office holdings on vocational courses, and, duties of different positions (Mori 2017). These elements defined by Weber help a bureaucratic organisation to decide how to recruit, distribute and control the human resources that are available. Weber also suggests several characteristics that the organisation should be possessing: the organisation should have clearly defined goals which can be achieved through a formal structure; efficiency has to be enhanced through following the organisational policies; organisational behaviour, both within the company and the industry, should be shaped by the formal structure (Burrell and Morgan 2017). However, there is a serious debate about his arguments on his definition and ideas about authority. According to Weber, a legitimate bureaucratic authority is the basis of any organisational competency. The amount of argument against this is no less. It is a known fact that those in the place of authorities are not always the most competent ones. There are elaborate and detailed ideas about the functions, dynamics and purpose of a bureaucratic organisation. Robert Merton has given details about the personalities that a bureaucratic organisation possesses and how do those shape its functions. Alvin Gouldner has given ideas pertaining to the different patterns of an industrial bureaucracy. Some of these forms include mock bureaucracy, representative bureaucracy and bureaucracy oriented around punishment. Peter Blau has given proper ideas regarding the dynamics of organisational bureaucracy. His studies, conducted in 1955, of federal and bureaucratic agencies have yielded similar results to the inferences that were made by Gouldner. Blau took the conclusions of gouldner and gave it a functional approach, which were solely focused upon the consequences of the actions and routines of organisational bureaucracy (Mori 2017). His study tried to find if bureaucracies helped an organisation to achieve its objectives and also whether it helped to produce the desired organisational behaviour. Like Metron, he believed that bureaucratic procedures often give unexpected results and result in consequences that were not anticipated before. Philip Selznick has often been considered as the authoritative person who has been looked up to by many when it comes to studying the bureaucracy in an organisation (Burrell and Morgan 2017). His 1949 study of the Tennessee Valley Authority gives further evidences on the role that human actions have in producing deviations from attaining goals through formal rational bureaucracy. Barnards notion of a Common Moral Purpose Chester Bernard is one of the major influences that has shaped the ideas and studies on organisational bureaucracy, and everything it encompasses: from the reason of its existence and how may it influence and shape the operations of the organisations, as well as changing and deciding its behaviour. Bernard viewed organisations as cooperative systems. He defined organisations as entities and structures that had complex biological, physical, personal and social components. These elements are all in a specific systematic relationship (Lefkowitz 2017). According to Bernard, humans get into arrangements that are cooperative in nature simply because they cannot they cannot achieve those alone and has to be helped by others to fulfil the collective objectives. His viewings of the organisations were in biological terms that are similar to living organisms that are always trying to survive in a hostile environment. He further acknowledged the fact that organisations are not self-sufficient and needs to rely upon different resources that are available from outside environment that both facilitate as well as restricts the action s and functions of the organisation. For example, an organisation stands upon the basic pillars of capital, labour, equipment and resources to function (Lefkowitz 2017). On the other hand, the organisation also needs science and technologies that help it to achieve its goals and also restrict what can be achieved, depending on the technology that is currently available. Even though the goals of an organisation are set by the higher authorities, the willingness to achieve those come from the lower levels of the organisational hierarchy. Authority of an organisation is only realised when the employees in the lower tiers accept and comply to the authoritative figures. An organisation is a purposefully coordinated entity and system of communication that links all the participants. Even though some of Bernards views are based on rationality, his insistence on non-material, informal, moral and inter-personal basis for cooperation sets him apart from the rational bureaucracy advocates of an organisational hierarchy (By, Armenakis and Burnes 2015). He believed that an organisation is only successful if a common and collective purpose within the organisation can be formed, that is also morally binding for the participants of the organisation. This has to be undertaken and executed by the executive of the organisation who is responsible for creating the moral codes for the participants. It must be remembered that this notion of the organisational success has been criticised as being moral imperialism. Still, Bernard accepts the fact that this overriding purpose can be discarded if the very existence of the organisation is threatened. Even after understanding and emphasising on the moral aspects of organisational success, Bernard still acknowledges the need for environment as being the most important ingredient for the success of an organisation. Managing the operations and organisational flexibility An organisation has to maintain a kind of flexibility that would help the organisation to achieve a balance in all its operations. An organisation has to ensure that a balance between the conomies of scale and economies of scope is attained, so that an overall all-encompassing organisational operation can be established. In the modern day organisations, themanagement always try to create a decorum that would make the organisation both specializing in certain aspects and yet ensure that the organisation is flexible in nature, which would help the company to execute even those tasks which are not the companys forte (Nandakumar, Jharkharia and Nair 2014). Specialisations based on assembly lines reduces the need for technical control and direct supervision. Ford Motors was the first company to have successfully used this model to increase their productivity, hence dubbing the model as Fordism. However, Fordism failed to capture the basic essence of the diversifications that had to be est ablished in the organisation and hence, new models emerged that facilitated in the operational balance of organisations. Achieving both economies of scale and economies of scope are vital for the company to make sure that the functions of the organisation both maximizes its profits through reduced costs and also expand the organisations operations to every potential sector, that can proof beneficial for the company. When mass produced components or commodities can be produced at a lower cost and better profit can be generated, it yields significant economies to scale, which is essential for organisations as they have to continue doing business in the industry in the long term. Economies of scope refers to the condition of the organisations which help organisations to undertake different tasks and execute them successfully, making it easier to expand to new sectors (Sopelana, Kunc and Hernez 2014). Both of these two aspects have to be balanced by the organisation, if it wants to surv ive in a sector. 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